5/27/2023 0 Comments Gladius![]() Conventionally, soldiers threw pila to disable the enemy's shields and disrupt enemy formations before engaging in close combat, for which they drew the gladius. Ī fully equipped Roman legionary after the reforms of Gaius Marius was armed with a shield ( scutum), one or two javelins ( pila), a sword ( gladius), often a dagger ( pugio), and, perhaps in the later empire period, darts ( plumbatae). ![]() New variants of the gladius, such as the "Mainz gladius" and the "Pompeii gladius", were used from the first century AD and during the early centuries of the Roman Empire in the third century AD the Roman infantry replaced the gladius with the " spatha" (which was already used by Roman cavalrymen). From the 3rd century BC, however, the soldiers of the Roman Republic adopted a sword based on the celtic sword used by the Celtiberians in Hispania late into the Punic Wars, known in Latin as the gladius hispaniensis, meaning " Hispanic-type sword". Early ancient Roman swords were similar to those of the Greeks, called xiphe (plural singular xiphos). ![]() Gladius ( Latin: ) is a Latin word meaning "sword" (of any type), but in its narrow sense it refers to the sword of ancient Roman foot soldiers. Iron of varying degrees of carbon content, pointed, double-edged Ancient Rome, based on the Celtiberian sword of Hispania
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